Bible Time Frame 100 BC -50 AD
100 BC -50 AD
88 Rome's first Mithridatic war begins
83 Rome's second Mithridatic war begins
74 Rome's third Mithridatic war begins
64 Pompey captures Jerusalem; leaves the Maccabean high priest Hyrcanus in power with Antipater as civil adviser
60 The first Triumvirate at Rome (Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey )
59 Julius Caesar becomes proconsul; Pompey marries Julia, daughter of Caesar
58 Caesar conquers Gaul
54 Caesar invades Britain
50 Erastus
Romans 16:13
- City treasurer of Corinth; Convert of Paul
1:Latin inscription found in Corinth says that Erastus laid "this pavement at his own
expense" in return for receiving his position in the government.
49 Caesar crosses the Rubicon
48 Pompey slain in Egypt
Caesar makes Cleopatra queen of Egypt
44 Caesar becomes dictator of Rome for life
Caesar assassinated
43 The second Triumvirate at Rome (Anthony, Lepidus, and Octavian )
37 -4 Herod I
Mt. 2:1
- King of the Judeans when Jesus is born
-Receives the wise men from the East
- kills the male babies of Bethlehem in an attempt to kill Jesus
- Made ruler of Judea by the Roman Empire,
-Roman client-king of Judaea
1. Coins which have inscription Herod the King"
2. Great builder of many monuments
3. Josephus
4. Inscription on column from Sica honored Herod
5. Pot sherds found at Masada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/HerodsCoins.html
https://www.bible-history.com/resource/ff_herod.htm
https://www.biblicalisraeltours.com/Arch/ArchaeologyMasada.htm
https://www.univ.rzeszow.pl/klio/images/pdf/berdowski/p.berdowski-
garum_of_herod_the_great-qc.pdf
37 Herod captures Jerusalem
31 BC-AD 14 Augustus:
or (Julius Caesar)
Luke 2:1
-Orders an empire-wide census at time of Jesus' birth
-Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14)
1. Full biography found in long Greek & Latin inscription in Ankara, Turkey
2. Inscription celebrating his birthday
3. Coins
4. Statuary
5. Contemporary histories
https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/s/silver_denarius_of_augustus.aspx
https://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/acans/caesar/Home.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Labicana_Augustus
31 Battle of Actium, Anthony slain, Octavian becomes master of the Roman world, the final triumph of Empire
30 Egypt becomes a Roman province
30 Shammai
Hillel
Philo of Alexandria
27 BC -14 AD Augustus
Luke 2:2
- Roman emperor during birth of Jesus
- full name Gaius Octavius
1. Full biography found in long Greek & Latin inscription in Ankara, Turkey
2. Inscription celebrating his birthday
3. Coins
4. Statuary
5. Contemporary histories
21 Octavian assumed the title of Augustus
20 Herod begins to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple
15 BC -39+AD Herodias
Mt. 14:3
- Wife of Herod Antipus (after being married to his brother)
- The woman who compassed the death of John the Baptist at Macherus
1:Josephus
https://www.bible-history.com/isbe/H/HERODIAS/
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_08816.html
14 -37 Tiberius
Luke 3:1
- John the Baptist begins preaching in the 15th year of Tiberius' reign
- Roman Caesar during Jesus ministry
1. Josephus
2. Contemporary Roman historians.
3. Numerous statues.
4. Coins with inscription and portrait.
5. Inscription from Caesarea when Pontius Pilate dedicated a temple to Tiberius.
https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/t/the_sword_of_tiberiu
s.asp
https://vroma.rhodes.edu/~bmcmanus/livia_coins.html
9 B.C.- A.D. 40 Aretas IV
2 Cor. 11:32-33
- King at Damascus who arrested Paul
1. Josephus
2. 20 inscriptions use his name & reign for dating.
3. Inscription at Khirbet et Tannur dates setting up of alter to his 2nd year.
4. Inscription at Madeba calls him "he who loves his people."
5. Coins with his likeness
6 BCcaor34AD Theudas
Acts 5:36
- Led a failed revolt referred to by Gamaliel.
1:Josephus
6 BC -21AD Quirinius
Luke 2:1
- Governor of Syria at time of Jesus birth
1. Inscription found in Antioch of Pisidia names Quirinius as legatus.
2. Contemporary histories - Tacitus
3. Josephus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinius
4 BC Judas the Galilean
Acts 5:37
- Gamaliel names him as having led a failed revolt.
1:Josephus
4 BC -34AD Philip the Tetrarch
Luke 3:1
- Tetrarch of part of Palestine; son of Herod the Great
and Cleopatra of Jerusalem; married Salome
1. Josephus
2. Coins with inscription APhilip the Tetrarch.
3. Nabatean text mentions erection of a statue Ain the year 33 of our Lord Philip.
4 BC- 39 AD Antipas
Luke 3:1
- Called Herod the Tetrarch in Bible
1. Josephus
2. Coins carry inscription "Herod the Tetrarch"
3. Inscription on Cos & Delos name "Herod the Tetrarch"
4 BC - 6 AD Archelaus
Mat 2:22
- Also called Herod Archelaus; son of Herod the great;
- ruler of Judea & Samaria during Jesus' childhood.
1. Contemporary Histories - Dio Cassius
2. Josephus
3. Coins that have inscription "Ethrarch" or "Herod" or "Ethrarch Herod"
A.D.
0 -31 Jesus
Matthew 1:1
- The Christ (Messiah)
- Son of God
-Savior for Mankind
1:Bible Prophecys writen in the Dead Sea Scrolls before Jesus time fullfilled
1:Bible testimonies (New Testament)
2:Miricles today
3: Roman Historians - Tacitus, Josephus, Lucian, Suetonius, Pliny the Younger
https://www.asiaharvest.org/pages/testimonies.html (Some of what is happening
todays times)
https://www.askapastor.org/proph.html
https://www.planetware.com/map/jerusalem-via-dolorosa-map-isr-dolo.htm
6 -26 John the Baptist
Matthew 3:1
- Prophet pointing to Jesus
-Baptized Jesus
-Led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River
1:Josephus tells of his death.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Baptist
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10224.html
6 Judas of Galilee
- Led a violent resistance to the census imposed for Roman tax purposes by Quirinius
in Iudaea Province
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10438.html
14 Augustus dies
Tiberius becomes Roman emperor
25 Philip (Herod)
Mark 6:17
- 1st husband of Herodias
1:Josephus tells about him and calls him Herod.
26 Jesus begins to teach
26 Annas
Luke 3:2
- Jewish High Priest
1:Josephus
26 -36 Pontius Pilate
Luke 3:1
-Ruler of Judea as John the Baptist begins preaching
-Responsible for a massacre of some Galileans
- conducts the trial of Jesus
-permits Joseph of Arimathea to bury Jesus
- permits the Jewish authorities to post a guard at Jesus' tomb
1. Josephus, Tacitus, Philo
2. Latin inscription found in 1961 at Theater in Caesarea tells us that Pontius
Pilate, the prefect of Judea built a temple for Tiberius.
3. Pontius Pilates coins were minted in Jerusalem 29, 30 and 31 C.E.
https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/b/bronze_coin_of_pontius_pilate,.aspx (Coin British museum)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontius_Pilate
https://www.numismalink.com/fontanille1.html
27 Gamaliel
Acts 5:34
- Pharisee Teacher of the Law
- Teacher of Paul
-Respected Man
1. Josephus
2. Mishna calls him Gamaliel the Elder
3:Grave inscription on tomb in Beth-Shearim
https://www.jewishmag.com/97mag/betshearim/betshearim.htm
https://rabbangamaliel.org/rabbangamaliel.txt
https://www.vcmagazine.org/article.aspx?volume=5&issue=6&article=acts1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel
27 AD Lysanias
Luke 3:1
- Tetrarch of Abilene
1. Josephus
2. Inscription for dedication of temple at Abila mentions Lysanias the Tetrarch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysanias
30 Jesus crucified and raised from the dead
Pentecost; the Christian church is born
30 Saint James the Just
Mark 6:3
- Brother of Jesus
1:-Josephus recounts that he was stoned.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_the_Just
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ossuary
33 Paul the Apostle
Acts 9:1
-After his encounter with God, he became a
Christian and referred to himself as the "Apostle to the Gentiles"
- Performed amazing miricles from God
.
1:Portion of Marble inscription found on Cyprus that could be reconstructed Paul
Apostle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle
https://www.lasvegasbiblestudy.com/bible-archeology-apostle-paul-tomb-found/
https://www.parsagard.com/
33 Caiaphas
Mt. 26:3
- High priest during time of Jesus
1. Josephus tells us his name was Joseph Caiaphas
2. Ossuary found in Jerusalem in 1990 has Hebrew inscription
that reads "Joseph, son of Caiaphas."
37 Caligula becomes Roman emperor
40 Gentiles are added to the church with the conversion of Cornelius
41-44 Herod Agrippa I:
Acts 12:1-19
- responsible for the death of James and the arrest of Peter
- his palace in Caesarea is mentioned later as the place where Paul is incarcerated
- Called Herod the King; grandson of Herod the Great; King of Judea;
- Persecuted Christians in Jerusalem
1. Josephus
2. Contemporary Roman records
3. Coins with inscription "The Great King Agrippa, Friend of the Caesar"
4. Basalt fragment of a Nabatean inscription refers to "Agrippa, the King" (Could be
either I or II)
https://dev.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/items/12368.html
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0001_0_00542.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippa_I
* King [Herod] Agrippa II: Paul is tried by the governor Festus in the presence of King Agrippa and his wife Bernice (Acts 25:13--26:32).
46 Sergius Paulus
Acts 13:7
- Roman proconsul (governor) of Cyprus; Converted by Paul
on 1st missionary journey
1:Latin inscription lists name of L. Sergius Paulus as an official of the Tiber.
41-54 Claudius
Acts 11:28; 18:2
- ordered Jews to leave Rome
- becomes Roman emperor
- Antioch becomes the new center of church activity
-Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August 10 BC – 13 October
AD 54), born
-Tiberius Claudius Drusus, then Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus until his
accession
-Claudius had expelled all Jews from Rome
[note: "Claudius Lysias" is not the emperor, but a Roman "tribune" in
Jerusalem ca. 58 AD]
- Christian prophets in Antioch predict a famine that occurs during Claudius'
reign
1. Roman historical records by Suetonias, Orosius, Tacitus and Dio Cassius
2. Coins with his name
3. Statuary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius
https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/g/gold_aureus_-
_emperor_claudius.aspx
https://www.romanemperors.com/claudius.htm