Bible Time Frame 700BC -500BC
Bible Time Frame Archealogical and Historical
700BC-500BC
696 -642 Manasseh
2 Kings 20:21
- 14th King of Judah
-Manasseh had the longest reign in the House of David, 55 years
-He became king at an age 12 years
-Son of King Hezekiah and his mother was Hephzibah
-Amon succeeds Manasseh
1. Seal reading Belonging to Manassah, the son of the King may be from time when
he was crown prince.
2. Esarhaddon lists Manassah, King of Judah on Prism B which lists those who
contributed material to his new palace.
3. Ashurbanipal, on Cylinder C, lists Manassah, King of Judah as being forced to
accompany him on his Egyptian campaign.
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/464026/jewish/Kings-Manasseh-and-
Amon.htm
https://www.ed.asisaid.com/bible/bibhist/bibhist88.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/menassah.html
www.biblehistory.net/Manasseh.pdf
690 -604 Tirhakah or Taharqa
2 Kings 19:9
Egyptian King; also known as Taharqa
1. Inscribed stele tells of Taharka=s rise to the throne.
2. Funerary stele of an Apis bull dated to 26th year of Taharqa.
3. Numerous stele and building inscriptions.
4. Art objects with his name.
5. Tomb found, but empty.
6. Numerous cuneiform texts of Assyrian Kings Esarhaddon and Ashurpanipal -
Senjirli stele actually has picture of Taharqa.
681 Sharezer
2 Kings 19:37
Son of Sennacherib; helped kill his father.
1:Cuneiform tablet refers to Nabusharuzur as an officer in right time period.
681-669 Esarhaddon
2 Kings 19:37
- King of Assyria; Son of Sennacherib; Settled foreigners in Samaria
- Esarhaddon conquers Sidon and beheads its king
1. Stele depicting victory over Egypt & Tyre
2. Commemorative stone tablet recounting the rebuilding of Babylon
3. Cuneiform clay prism contains annuals of Esarhadden
4. Bronze plague in Louvre depicting Esarhadden and mother Nagia
5. Many other cuneiform tablets
https://www.formerthings.com/esarhaddon.htm
https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/s/stone_prism_of_esarhaddon.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_stele_of_Esarhaddon
672 -664 Neco I
1:Ekron Inscription of Akhayus (Achish),
Killed for being an ally of Assyria.
https://www.kchanson.com/ancdocs/westsem/ekron.html
669 Ashurbanipal becomes king of Assyria
668 -626 Ashurbanipal
Ezra 4:10
- Last Assyrian King
1. Library of cuneiform tablets found at Kuyunjik
2. Ruins of buildings with extensive sculptures at Ninevah
3. Annals of Ashurbanipal - clay prism
https://www.crystalinks.com/nineveh.html
667 -648 Shamash-shuma-ukin
Brother of Asshurbanipal
King of Babylon, and revolted in 652-648
660 Zoroaster born
648 Nahum predicts the fall of Nineveh
642- 640 Amon
2Kings 21:19
- King of Judah
- 22 years when he became King and reigned 2 years
-Josiah succeeds Amon
- Killed by his own servants
640 -609 Josiah
2Chronicles 34:1
- King of Judah
- 8 yrs old when he became King and reigned 31 years
-after regining 8 yrs Josiah seeked God and purged Judah and Jerusalem of idolatry
-Repaired the House of the Lord
-Lost his life from a arrow in battle
https://www.bible-history.com/eastons/J/Josiah/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah
639 Hilkiah
2 Kings 22:8
- High priest during Josiahs reign who found scroll of Torah.
-Father of Jeremiah
1:Ring with seal reads "belonging to Hanan, son of Hilkiah, the priest."
2:clay bulla naming a Hilkiah as the father of an Azariah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilkiah
https://www.bible-history.com/isbe/H/HILKIAH/
634 Zephaniah begins to prophesy
627 Jeremiah begins to prophesy
--with other officials had Jeremiah the Phrophet of God thrown into a cistern
-Ebed-melech the Ethiopian approached King Zedekiah and rescued Jeremiah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah
626 Nabopolasser becomes king of Babylon
622 Revival in Judah
619 Habakkuk begins to prophesy
612 Nineveh falls
610 Seriah
Jeremiah 51:59
Sent by Jeremiah to Babylon with Zesekiam
1:Personal seal reading Belonging to Seriah, son of Neriah.
https://www.greatarchaeology.com/Baruch_bulla.php
609 -595 Neco II (Necho)
2 Kings 23:29
- Pharaoh of Egypt; 26th dynasty; fought and killed Josiah
1. Sculpture in University Museum
2. Ushabti
3. Bowl found at Persepolis bears name and titles.
4. Stele at Sidon with name in hieroglyphics
. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_%28609_BC%29
https://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p345.htm
Jehoahaz becomes king of Judah
Jehoiakim becomes king of Judah
609 -608 Jehoahaz
2 Kings 23:31
- 17th King of Judah for 3 months
- Son of king Josiah whom he succeeded
-Imprisioned by Neco
- 23 yrs old when started to reign
1:Seal reading "Belonging to Jehoahaz, the son of the King."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah
https://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p76.htm
605 Jaazaniah
2 Kings 25:23
- Army officer under Gedaliah
-Jaazaniah, son of Shaphan.
1:Seal found at Mizpah in 1932 bears inscription "Belonging to Jaazaniah, servant of
the King."
https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Jaazaniah.php4
https://www.biblehistory.net/Jeremiah_prophet.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/pss/528929
https://www.biblepicturegallery.com/pictures/jeremiah/Seal%20of%20Jezaniah%20found%20at%20Tell%20en-Nasbeh%206th%20cent%20pa.htm
605 Jerahmeel
Jeremiah 36:26
- "Son" of the King Jehoiahim (possibly an official) sent to
arrest Jeremiah and Baruch
1:Seal with inscription "Belonging to Jerahmeel, the son of the King."
https://www.biblehistory.net/Baruch_Jeremiah.pdf
https://mydailybibleverse.com/archives/tag/jeremiah-the-prophets-scribe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerahmeel
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Bible/Chronicles.htm
https://www.biblehistory.net/newsletter/baruch_jeremiah.htm
.
605 -562 Nebuchadnezzar
2 Kings 24:1; Daniel 1:1
- Babylonian King;
- God gave prophecies to him
-Conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and sent the Jews into exile
- The Babylonians invade Judah Daniel begins to prophesy
1. Many cuneiform inscriptions - Babylonian Chronicle; building dedications.
2. Clay bricks of Babylon contain his name
3. Boundary stone from Sippar records land grant by Nebuchadnezzar
4. Business texts dated by Nebuchadnezzars reign.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II
605 Baruch
Jer. 32:12
- Scribe of Jeremiah the prophet; son of Neriah
1. Bulla bought in Jerusalem antiquities market in 1975
2. Bulla in the collection of Shlomo Moussaieff. This bulla actually shows a fingerprint
on the back.
598 Elishama
Jer. 36:12 - Scribe
1:Seal impression on bulla from Jerusalem hoard that reads "Elishama, servant of the King."
598 Eliakim
2 Kings 18:18
- Steward (palace administration) of King Jehoiachin; son of Hilkiah
1:Seal impression on jar handles reading Belonging to Eliakim, steward of Yaukin
(Jehoiachin).
597 Jehoiachin
2 Kings 24:8
- King of Judah
- also known as Coniah and as Jehoiachin
- Took the throne at eighteen years of age for three months
- Eighteenth king of the Southern Kingdom of Israel
1. 4 pottery handles stamped with a seal that reads "Belonging to Eliakim,
steward of Jehoiachin."
2. Cuneiform tablets found in Babylon record rations given to "Jehoiachin,
King of Judah."
https://www.livius.org/ne-nn/nebuchadnezzar/anet308.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeconiah
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10047.html
Zedekiah becomes king of Judah
593 Ezekiel begins to prophesy
593 Gemariah
Jer. 29:3
- Son of Shaphan the scribe
-An ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadnezzar
https://www.bible-history.com/links.php?cat=43⊂=1293&cat_name=Bible+Names+A-
G&subcat_name=Gemariah
589 -570 Hophra
Jer. 44:30
- A Pharaoh of Egypt
- 4th King of 26th Dynasty
-also called Wahibpre or Apries
1. Stele records defeat of Apries by Amasis (in Cairo Museum)
2. Palace found at Memphis
3. Vase has a painting of Apries head and name in hieroglyphics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apries
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_09184.html
https://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/utp/the-glory-departs
586 Baalis
Jer. 40:14
- King of the Ammonites
1:A seal impression found in 1984 at Tel el-Umeiri
586 Gedaliah
2 Kings 25:22,Jeremiah 38:14
-Appointed by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon as governor of Yehud province
-Encouraged the Jewish people to not be afraid of the servants of the Chaldeans
and gather in oil and fruit and live
-with other officials had Jeremiah the Phrophet of God thrown into a cistern
-assassinated by the King of Ammon
1:Seal impression (bulla) found at Lachish reads "Belonging to Gedaliah,
who is over the house" (Administrator of palace)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedaliah
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0007_0_07112.html
https://www.thetrumpet.com/index.php?q=5367.3662.0.0
586 The Babylonians destroy Jerusalem and the Temple
The Jews deported to Babylon Gedaliah becomes governor of Jerusalem
The rabbis preempt the priests as the chief custodians of divine truth
561 - 560 Evil - Merodach
2 Kings 25:27-30
- King of Babylon
- Heb.: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak https://qbible.com/h/0191.html
- son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar
- also called Amel-Marduk
-Released Jehoiachin King of Judah from prison and treated him well
1. Cuneiform tablet about the family of Nabonidus
2. Cuneiform tablet listing kings
3 Clay tablet, complete, receipt for temple paraphernalia,Evil-Merodach acc
https://www.livius.org/ne-nn/nebuchadnezzar/anet308.html
https://www.bible-history.com/faussets/E/Evil+merodach/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel-Marduk
https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=357021&partid=1&searchText=Merodach&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=1
https://www.jstor.org/pss/612590
https://goto.glocalnet.net/kf2/review3.htm
https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/library/ane/digest/1998/v1998.n106
(BM 58872 )(BM 65270) (BM 75322).(BM 75106)(BM 61325)
(Evetts 1892, Inscriptions of the Reigns of Evil Merodak, Neriglissar and Laborosoarochod
560 -556 Nergalsharezer
Jer. 39:3
- Called a prince in Babylon; son-in-law of
-Nebuchadnezzar; ruled Babylon after Evil-Merodach.
- King of Babylon from 560 to 556 BC.
- He was the son-in-law of Nebuchadrezzar II
1. Cuneiform tablets of contracts.
2. Tablets tell that he rebuilt temples.
3. Cuneiform text tells of military campaign into Cilicia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neriglissar
https://www.biblehistory.net/newsletter/nebo_sarsekim.htm
553 Belshazzar becomes regent in Babylon
550 -529 Cyrus II
Ezra 1:7
- Persian King founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid dynasty
- defeated Babylonians
- allowed Jew to go home from captivity.
-Cyrus the Great
-returned the articles of the House of The Lord which Nebuchadnezzar took from
Jerusalem
-Encouraged and helped rebuild the House Of The Lord
1. Inscription from Pasargadae saying, "I am Cyrus..."
2. Nabonidus Chronicle - cuneiform inscription
3. Cyrus cylinder
4. Historical records by Herodotus and Aeschylus
5. Tomb at Pasargadue in SW Iran
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great#cite_note-kuhrt647-7
https://www.bible-history.com/archaeology/persia/cyrus-cylinder.html
The temple of Artemis erected at Ephesus
550 Confucius begins to teach
539 Babylon falls to the Medes and Persians
Darius the Mede rules in Babylon
538 Zerubbabel and Joshua lead a small party of Jewish repatriates back to Palestine
536 The Temple started in Jerusalem
536 Belshazzar
Daniel 5
- King of Babylon
1:Cuneiform tablet - Yale Babylonian collection
530 Cambyses becomes king of Persia
522 -486 Darius I Hystaspes
Ezra 4:5
- King of Persia
1. Behistun Rock inscription celebrating his victories over contenders to the throne
2. Copy of Behistun inscription found on papyrus at Elephantine
3. Palace & Audience Hall at Persepolis with numerous reliefs and inscriptions
portraying Darius
4. Numerous cuneiform tablets
521 Smerdis becomes king of Persia
Darius I Hystapses becomes king of Persia
520 Zechariah begins to prophesy
Haggai begins to prophesy
Construction of the Jerusalem Temple resumed
516 The Temple completed
509 The Roman Republic founded